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SATA SSD running faster than SATA2 but much slower than SATA3

I recently changed the HDD to SSD. The SSD is KIOXIA TC10 which has read/write speed over 500 mbps. However, the speed accessed by Blackmagic disk speed test is Read 400mbps/ Write 200mbps.

I know some early product of A1278 has a thin SATA2 cable which may not support SATA3 speed. However, SATA2 is at most 300mbps. The current SSD can run read speed at 400mbps which is faster than the limit of SATA2. It seems like the current cable is SATA3.

I don't know if I need to replace a cable or to replace the SSD.

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What is the drives format GUID/Journaled (HFS+) or GUID/APFS try APFS

Your performance is what I would expect based on my testing with a Samsung SSD.

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It is on GUID/APFS. Queue depth 32. TRIM enabled. Two volumes on the disk.

EFI: 209.7MB MS-DOS FAT32 disk0s1

disk0s2: 239.85GB disk0s2 Apple_APFS

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So the problem is on the SSD. The KIOXIA TC10 doesn't have DRAM and so the speed can fluctuate drastically. I replaced another Samsung 860 EVO SATA SSD which has 512 MB DRAM. Now the speed can goes up to 550/520 Mbps.

Turing on FileVault decreases the speed also. After turning on FileVault, the speed drops below 500.

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