JBL Clip 3 charging port broke off the circuit board

It really depends on both the condition of the charging port and the condition of the circuit board.

Sometimes the solder gives way, leaving the traces on the circuit board intact and the port still in good shape; in that case soldering the port back on will fix it. However, it's just as likely that the pads the port is soldered to can get torn off the board, in which case wire jumpers must be added to get the port to work again, and, of course there's always the possibility the port itself gets damaged when it gets broken off.

We might be able to help figure out where you are if you can add some pictures of both the circuit board and the port. Be sure to take photos of both the top and the bottom sides of the port and clear, closeup pictures of the circuit board.

Adding images to an existing question - iFixit Repair Guide

The good news here is that thanks to your pictures, we can see that the solder pads are all intact and the port itself looks usable.

Now the question is, have you done any soldering before? If not, you will want to find an old circuit board to practice on; you don't want your very first soldering experience to be on the thing you're trying to fix, as it may take you a few tries to get the hang of it.

Generally you'll want to clean out the old solder by using either a solder vacuum or solder wick. Solder flux helps the solder flow smoothly and adhere to the metal. Clear out the mounting holes of solder and make sure the solder pads have a fresh, somewhat thin layer of solder on them then set the port in place. Place the soldering iron on one of the mounting pins, making sure it also touches the circuit trace surrounding it and heat them up, then add solder, letting it flow down to fill the hole. Do the same with all of the mounting holes, then start with the pins. Heat each pin one at a time, pressing down so the heat transfers through to the circuit board. Flow just a small amount of solder; if you've properly tinned the pins it shouldn't take much. Too much and you'll create a solder bridge; that is, a connection to another pin that shouldn't be there. If that happens use your solder wick or vacuum to remove the excess to ensure the pins aren't in contact.

Once you're done, clean up the flux with 90% or higher concentration isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol and some cotton swabs. Inspect your solder joints carefully to make sure you have good connections on the pins and no solder bridges. If you have an ohmmeter, use it to verify that no pins are shorted together.

That's the gist of it; you can read through iFixit's soldering guide to get started, and there are hundreds of Youtube videos available for you to get started with.

How To Solder and Desolder Connections - iFixit Repair Guide

@ineedupgrade One further observation I noticed from your pictures. The fact that the port came off was not your fault in anyway. It's obvious from the way it separated from the board that the original factory soldering job was not done correctly; most likely it wasn't heated hot enough or long enough to allow the solder to flow freely and bond completely with the port, resulting in what's called a cold solder joint, which, as you found out, can allow the parts that are supposed to be joined together to separate.