This happened to me once with my iPhone — screen completely black, no reaction, and I thought it was gone for good. In my case it turned out the phone had just crashed. I plugged it in for a while, then did a quick force restart (pressed volume up, volume down, then held the side button until the Apple logo appeared) and it came back to life.
If you try that and it still stays black, but you can hear it ring or vibrate when someone calls you, then the screen itself might be the problem. At that point the quickest way is to get Apple to check it.
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