Hi!
This sound like an HDD issue! I would replace this one for a new one or a known working one. And while you are there, you can even replace it for a way faster SSD!
First of all, you need to take the HDD out. Then you do need to partition the new HDD. I'll sent you the guides.
Guide for replacing the HDD: Xbox One S Hard Drive Replacement - iFixit Repair Guide (follow this one first)
Guide for partitioning the HDD: How To Install Firmware On Your Xbox One S - iFixit Repair Guide (then follow this one) (Step 11 can be skipped, you can install the firmware directly from USB, instead of using the A and B folders, please check the comments if you are stuck).
Good luck with the repair and please let us know how it goes!
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