Signal and SIM issues on iPhones can be tricky to troubleshoot because of the sheer number of factors in play. I would have a look at the iPhone Invalid or No SIM troubleshooting page. Even though your issue isn't specifically called out, it's in the same neighborhood.
Specifically I would start by trying things like a network settings reset, and verifying that all cellular info is present in the settings menu. Check for things like the phone number attached to the SIM, is your modem firmware version present in settings (It will be in Settings > General > About if you scroll to the section about cellular functions.
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