Hi Kalfhey,
It's going to be difficult to determine what's wrong without being able to power up the phone. A repair technician would probably open it up and start taking voltage and resistance measurements on the logic board to pinpoint the problem, but for us home do-it-yourselfers that's a bit beyond our comfort zone.
At this point the only clue we have is your indication that you got a battery warning on the original battery, so if it was my phone I would start there, by replacing the battery. They're not prohibitively expensive and one of the more common, straight-forward and well understood repairs, so it would make sense to try that as the first step in figuring out what's wrong with your phone.
Although you can find the battery cheaper on other sites such as eBay, Amazon or AliExpress, you can support iFixit's repair outreach by buying from them.
iPhone 12 mini Battery: Replacement Part / Repair Kit
And of course iFixit has you covered with a guide to show you step by step how to replace the battery.
iPhone 12 mini Battery Replacement - iFixit Repair Guide
Good luck; let us know how it goes.
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