When in Recovery mode you should be able to access the Disk Utility does the systems drive show up? If not that could be the problem as recovery is a firmware/internet service.
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=== Update (09/21/23) ===
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So if I understand, the HD is visible not accessible (the active partition is the recovery partition)
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I think the only way to get you going is to leverage an external bootable drive to fully reformat the drive.
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Find a friend with a Mac to help you create a bootable OS installer USB thumb drive so you can boot your system and install a fresh copy of the OS.
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What’s important is getting to as new an macOS your system supports macOS 13.x (Ventura)
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Access the OS from here: [link|https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT211683|How to download and install macOS] then format a fresh thumb drive from your friends Mac then follow this guide to convert the copied over OS installer in to a bootable version [link|https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201372|Create a bootable installer for macOS]
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Then using this drive plugged directly into your system you need to restart the system then launch Disk Utility from within the installer an reformat your systems drive then follow the installers steps that should do it!
When in Recovery mode you should be able to access the Disk Utility does the systems drive show up? If not that could be the problem as recovery is a firmware/internet service.