Well I love the idea, sadly you’ll kill your system!
Your laptop uses a drawing fan design letting the air to come in thru quite a few different openings. So you can’t filter the inward air and even if you could there is not enough draw to allow the fan to properly cool the logic board.
For the sake of argument.. You have an air tight case which has two holes one hole has a fan mounted let’s say 3” fan with an inflow setup that offered the needed cooling for what’s inside the case. If you placed any filter you would reduce the air flow so the logic inside would overheat. In fact the exit hole in this example would need to be larger than the inbound as the air friction running across the logic would need to be calculated in. If this was setup as a drawing fan pulling the air out the entering air hole would also need to be larger.
CFM air flow calculation is not easy! As the heat load is not constant you need to base it on the higher level.