Lets clarify a few issues Apple updated the file system from HFS+ to APFS this sits on top of the GUID partition you created. APFS is required for newer macOS versions, they will not install on HFS+
So if you truly have a problem with APFS structure on your 2019 MacBook Pro then we would be seeing quite a few systems encountering issues on that or any of the newer MacBook Pro’s since 2016.
So I don’t see how the OS structure would be the issue. I would look deeper into the systems RAM and flash storage as both can encounter failures which could lead to corruption.
Did you get your system wet at some point? Corrosion is a likely root cause here one or two solder joints could be flaky.