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Introduction
Thunderbolt Display uses an LG edge LED lit LCD Display (also 09-11 27" iMacs and 27" Cinema Displays) uses an LG edge LED lit LCD Display. The LEDs are on the bottom edge of the display. There are 2 bars (left and right) Each bar has many LEDs and a 6 pin connector. Each pin drive several LEDs thus is the highest current flow / heat junction. The weak lead free solder gradually fails with thermal expansion/contraction cycling and increases resistance. PSU will compensate up to a point, then when the current is too high, PSU just shut down the backlight causing a dark display. I have even seen one which the connector just fell off as solder points became completely detached.
Usually this problem starts manifesting itself with brighter settings only. Can work around by reduce brightness. Eventually, even the lowest brightness won't work anymore.