So this could be a battery issue, but it could also be a board issue. The fact that it started after a battery replacement is definitely a bit suspicious to me.
But the panic specifically calls out Tristar. Which is actually the chip in the board more responsible for USB peripherals. It identifies the charger and it has direct ties to battery charging (it has lines of communication with Tigris, the charging IC).
This could have been a preexisting issue, or something introduced during the repair (or because of the battery). Bt I would say the battery is a good start.