@candacesav59742 alright, I think I might have an idea.
A lot of phones (including the S22 Ultra) have tiny pins on the back of the board that press against contacts attached to the frame that allow you to use the buttons. If there’s sand in the way (there shouldn’t be assuming the adhesive is still good but you never know), or if the contacts were knocked off, the buttons would stop working. I have a hunch that there’s either grit or something else blocking those pins from touching those contacts.
There’s also the possibility of the button itself being damaged. That’s actually the best case scenario, since that’s simply a part that could be replaced.
A final solution is some kind of software issue or glitch, which could be fixed by either updating or re-flashing the software. I would do this as a last resort however, since you would lose all the data on your phone.
Hope this helps! I also found a link to ifixit ‘s teardown so you have a better idea of all the parts! https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=