It's shutting down because the charger/power adapter you're using is not the OEM charger that it came with, and it's not providing the right amount of Watts/Volts in order to power it up fully so it shuts down immediately since there is no battery. Or it's the OEM charger and it's going bad or the laptop put itself in a ''low-charge'' state which then the adapter wont deliver the right amount of power and since there is no battery it immediately shuts off. It's best if you find a replacement battery that way it has the ability to charge and work the way it's meant to.