I have little experience with Samsung phones, but here are some things to try:
* Reseat the connector
* If you still have the old battery unplug (but don't remove) the new one and plug the old one in and just set it on top of the new one then try to power the phone on
* Check for damaged pins on the female and male screen connectors
* Check for a damaged screen
You did say it worked for a little, and the Samsung logo appears so I'm thinking maybe some anti-repair method triggered or something with the software could be messed up. Maybe try booting in to safe mode using the following steps:
# Turn off the device.
# Turn it on by pressing and holding the power button.
# Once the Samsung logo appears, immediately release the power button and then press and hold the volume down button.
# Continue holding the volume down button until the device finishes restarting.
# Safe mode will be displayed in the bottom left corner of the screen. In Safe Mode, only the pre-installed apps will be available. This mode can help determine if any third-party apps, or viruses are causing the issue you are encountering on your device, if it boots into the OS I have heard Samsung has a "secret" debugging menu but I don't know how to get to it
If you find anything but don't know what to do comment on this, or email me (tcolton721@outlook.com) and I can do more research for you. Good luck!