Hi João,
Taking a look at the missing sensors, you're right that there's at least one of them that's a direct result of the power button being disconnected; the mic2 sensor is on the power flex, so that one's to be expected.
However, there are a couple others that shouldn't be there under those circumstances. The Prs0 sensor is on the charge flex and shouldn't be affected by the power button flex. Also TG0B and TG0V are battery sensors that you shouldn't be seeing either. Here's some relevant information from @flannelist's excellent [[iPhone Kernel Panics|iPhone Kernel Panics|new_window=true]] Wiki page..
[quote]To get to cause, keep reading past the panic string to find the missing sensor.
* ***PRS0*** and ***Mic1*** are genrally part of the [link|https://www.ifixit.com/Parts/iPhone/Cables?q=dock|charge port flex|new_window=true].
* ***Mic2*** is in the [link|https://www.ifixit.com/Parts/iPhone/Cables?q=power%20button|power button flex|new_window=true] in most models.
* ***TG0V*** and ***TG0B*** are a function of [link|https://www.ifixit.com/Parts/iPhone/Batteries|the battery|new_window=true]. For the 11 Pro and Pro Max, these may also point to a bad charge port flex due to the second connector on these batteries.[/quote]
At this point you appear to be looking at defective parts on the charging port assembly, the power button assembly, and the battery. To be honest, if it was my phone I would try replacing those parts, but unfortunately there's another explanation for the huge number of errors you're seeing, and it's not good.
It's entirely possible that the interposer, the part that connects the two boards that make up the logic board, has broken loose and damaged/disconnected some of the signals that are supposed to be passed between layers. While that kind of damage is repairable, it requires specialized equipment to separate the boards, fix any broken traces, reball the solder pads and then heat the entire assembly to solder it back together again. Definitely a job for a board repair house; I think of myself as a fairly expert DIY repair guy but I'd never even consider trying that repair.