Unfortunately your only option is to buy a new charger. Looks like you got lucky with that cheap charger as those have a tendency to break off inside charge ports, resulting in a charge port replacement.
DO NOT buy a cheap one at places like the Dollar Store or online sites such as eBay, Craigslist, and Wish as they lack the proper surge protection which can further damage your phone. I know you said you can’t afford a new charger, but trust me when I say spend good money on a good charger. A cheap one will end up costing your more. I recommend Modal as they’re nylon braided and run for $19.99 for the 3ft cable and like $34.99 for a 10ft.