If you were just changing the battery, and you didn’t unscrew the home button itself (which is very susceptible to nano-tears) then the *most likely* reason you lost Touch ID is from stress/rough handling of the flex on the screen that is the conduit for home button/touch id data. It is easy to tear or stretch that flex.[br]
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To rule that out, see if a new screen will solve. That would be your next step.