It sounds like a blown fuse in the car. Check your fuses for the USB charging port or cigarette lighter of the car, depending on where you have the phone plugged in to charge. The fuses are typically located under the hood, on the left of the driver just below the dash or in the dash, and sometimes you need OR to identify whether or not the USB port or cigarette lighter are working, try plugging in another device that is known to work.
There’s another item to touch base on here which is the charge cable itself. While this may not be at fault here, it is always recommended to use only original equipment charge adapters and USB cables. I have seen generic/cheap chargers work fine sometimes and others have completely fried the cable, the charge port of the phone, or the charging chip on the logic board of the phone.