Unless you disabled iCloud notes backup you should be able to find them on iCloud.com by logging in with your phone’s Apple ID and password. If for any reason you don’t find what you need in your backup, you’ll have to get your phone running, at least partly, to recover your data. Rice is a urban legend, it doesn’t help to fix liquid damage and it makes one waste precious time..take your phone to an experienced microsolderer where it can be properly decontaminated with ultrasonic and repaired at least to get back your data, if possible, the sooner the better.