I have a slightly different problem.
My Xbox One controller has the jack built into the controller.
Various other headphones, and earbuds work with the controller.
Which means the controller jack works.
My headphones used to work, 7/29/18 "when they last worked". I go to use them today I get a mute Icon as well as my headphones not working at all, all that happens is a popping noise from one side from the headphones, the side changes for some reason sometimes, So this would mean that my headphones are receiving power, but not being recognized by the Xbox as a audio device.
The same headphones work on my laptop, 3ds, and MP3 player.
I just get no system audio from the Xbox One to the Headphones.
Xbox One: Gen 1 System, Update 7/10/18
Controller: Model 1697, Headphone Jack Working.
Headphones: Koss UR-20 Home Headphones, Speakers Working, Jack Working.