I was able to get it working again. I'm not sure EXACTLY what fixed it, but here is what I did...
I removed the back cover. I removed my micro SD card. I removed the 7 or 8 small black screws. I gently popped off the secondary back cover along the edge. This allows access to the mainboard. I disconnected the battery for about 10 minutes. I also disconnected a larger ribbon cable towards the bottom of the device by gently prying up on the black clip which holds it in place. I re-assembled in the reverse order. When I flipped the device back order, I saw a CMOS message on the screen (the first on-screen activity in over a day). I rebooted the device and it ha been working fine ever since.
I should note that I have Windows 10 installed and I am running an insider build. I'm not sure if this is what caused the behavior.